Chlamydia

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.

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What is Chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It often shows no symptoms, which makes it easy to overlook. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems. This condition is most commonly spread through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex.

Symptoms of Chlamydia

Chlamydia can be a silent infection. Many people experience no symptoms at all. When symptoms do appear, they can include:

  • Pain or discomfort when urinating
  • Unusual discharge from the vagina, penis, or rectum
  • Pain during sex for women
  • Bleeding between periods or after sex for women
  • Testicular pain in men

These symptoms may be mild, but it’s important not to ignore them. Early detection is key to avoiding complications.

Medical Treatment of Chlamydia

Treating chlamydia is straightforward. A course of antibiotics, usually azithromycin or doxycycline, is prescribed to clear the infection. It’s important to take the full course of medication, even if symptoms disappear sooner. Sexual partners should also be informed, tested, and treated to prevent reinfection.

While on treatment, it’s recommended to avoid sexual activity until both you and your partner have completed your antibiotics. This ensures the infection is fully cleared.

Author

Dr Adam Kirk

Revision 1.0 - 04/08/2025

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Causes of Chlamydia

Chlamydia is caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis, and it's transmitted through sexual contact. This includes:

  • Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex
  • Sharing sex toys that haven’t been washed or covered with a new condom
  • From a pregnant woman to her baby during childbirth

Anyone who is sexually active can get chlamydia, regardless of gender, age, or sexual orientation.

Preventing Chlamydia

Prevention begins with practising safe sex. Here are some effective ways to reduce your risk:

  • Using condoms during sexual intercourse, to protect yourself and your partner
  • If you are sexually active, regular STI testing is important, especially if you have multiple partners or are in a new relationship
  • Limit the number of sexual partners. Reducing the number of sexual partners lowers your risk of exposure to chlamydia and other STIs


References

(1) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/erection-problems-erectile-dysfunction/(2) https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive/erectile-dysfunction-impotence

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