Migraine

Migraine

A migraine is more than just a headache. It is a complex neurological condition that can cause intense, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head.

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What is a Migraine?

A migraine is more than just a headache. It is a complex neurological condition that can cause intense, throbbing pain, often on one side of the head. Many people experience migraines with a variety of symptoms, such as sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, and even visual disturbances. A migraine can last for hours or even days, making it difficult to go about daily activities. Understanding migraines is the first step toward effective management and relief.

Symptoms of a Migraine

Migraines present differently in each person, but the common symptoms are a throbbing or pulsing pain in the head. The pain is often felt on one side of the head and can range from moderate to severe. Migraines can also induce nausea and vomiting and cause sensitivity to light, sound, and sometimes smells. A migraine can last from a few hours up to three days.

Just prior to a migraine, there may be symptoms such as:

  • Fatigue 
  • Cravings for specific foods or feeling thirsty
  • Changes in mood
  • A stiff neck
  • A need to pee more frequently

There may also be warning signs ahead of a migraine, these are known as auras. Auras shouldn’t last longer than an hour and can include:

  • Visual disturbances such as flashes of light, blind spots or zigzag lines across your field of vision
  • A numbness or tingling sensations on the skin a bit like pins and needles
  • Dizziness 
  • Difficulty speaking

It is possible to experience a migraine aura but not have a headache, this is known as a silent migraine.

Medical Treatment of Migraines

Treating migraines often involves a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. Medications can be grouped into two categories: those that relieve symptoms and those that prevent attacks.

  • Acute treatments: These are taken at the onset of a migraine to reduce symptoms. They include pain relief medications like paracetamol and ibuprofen, anti-nausea drugs, and triptans, which specifically target migraine pain
  • Preventive treatments: For those who experience frequent or severe migraines, doctors may prescribe preventive medications. These might include beta-blockers, anti-epileptics, antidepressants, or monoclonal antibodies. These treatments help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to find the right treatment plan tailored to your needs.

Author

Dr Adam Kirk

Revision 1.0 - 17/07/2025

How it works

  1. Hit book now, create a user account or log in if you already have a My Local Surgery account. Choose a date and time that is convenient for you; a consultation for Migraines takes takes around 15 minutes
  2. You may be asked some questions during the booking process to provide the healthcare specialist with any necessary information ahead of your appointment
  3. Once you’ve signed up and booked an appointment, you will be sent an email with a link to access your consultation, or you can access it from your account page on the My Local Surgery website
  4. When it’s time for your consultation, use the link to join and meet your healthcare specialist. You can join from your mobile phone, tablet, or computer (you will need a webcam)
  5. During the consultation, your healthcare specialist will discuss your symptoms and make recommendations based on your personal situation . They will also be able to answer your questions about Migraines and possible treatments

  7. If you do require a prescription medications, your healthcare specialist will add this to your basket so at the end of your consultation, you’ll be able to ‘check-out’

Causes of a Migraine

The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Some common triggers include:

  • Hormonal changes, particularly during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause
  • Certain foods and drinks, such as aged cheese, caffeine, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners, can trigger migraines in some individuals
  • Stress, anxiety, and irregular sleep patterns are known triggers
  • Sensory stimulI such as bright lights, loud noises, and strong smells can set off a migraine
  • Physical overexertion, neck tension, and dehydration are also possible triggers

Understanding your personal triggers is key to managing migraines effectively.

Preventing Migraines

While there is no cure for migraines, there are ways to reduce their frequency and their impact. Preventive strategies include:

  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and adequate hydration
  • Managing stress. Techniques such as meditation, yoga, and deep-breathing exercises can reduce stress levels
  • Establishing a regular sleep schedule - going to bed and waking at a consistent time will help to regulate your body's natural rhythms
  • Avoiding known triggers

By understanding migraines and taking proactive steps, it is possible to reduce their frequency and improve your quality of life. If you or a loved one suffers from migraines, seek professional medical advice to develop a personalised plan that works best for you.

References

(1) https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/(2) https://migrainetrust.org/understand-migraine/what-is-migraine/(3) https://bnf.nice.org.uk/treatment-summaries/migraine/

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